Humber Admissions Practice Test

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In which process is the DNA sequence copied into mRNA?

Replication
Translation
Transcription
Codon recognition

The correct answer is: Transcription

The process where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA is known as transcription. During transcription, the DNA strand unwinds, and one of the strands serves as a template for synthesizing a complementary mRNA strand. RNA polymerase, the enzyme responsible for this process, binds to the promoter region of the gene and adds RNA nucleotides in a sequence that corresponds to the DNA template, effectively creating a strand of mRNA. This mRNA then carries the genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where it can be translated into a protein. In contrast, replication is the process that involves making an identical copy of DNA, not converting it to mRNA. Translation, on the other hand, refers to the process where the mRNA is read by the ribosome to synthesize proteins, using the genetic code specified by the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA. Codon recognition is a specific part of translation where the ribosome recognizes the codons on the mRNA and matches them with the appropriate transfer RNA (tRNA) carrying amino acids. Each of these processes is distinct, making transcription the correct answer.