Humber Admissions Practice Test

What is the central process described as DNA -> RNA -> Protein?

1. Translation

2. Replication

3. Transcription

4. Central dogma

The correct answer is: Central dogma

The central process described by the sequence DNA -> RNA -> Protein is known as the central dogma of molecular biology. This framework explains the flow of genetic information within a biological system. According to the central dogma, DNA is first transcribed into RNA, which is then translated into protein. This sequence emphasizes the distinction between the roles of these molecules: DNA serves as the genetic blueprint, RNA acts as the intermediary that carries the instructions from DNA, and proteins are the end products that carry out various functions in the cell. Understanding this concept is fundamental because it lays the groundwork for molecular biology, genetics, and biochemistry. It helps explain how genetic information is expressed and how cells utilize this information to produce proteins that determine the traits and functions of an organism. Each part of the process also has its specific mechanisms: transcription involves copying a segment of DNA to produce RNA, and translation is the process where ribosomes synthesize proteins from the RNA sequence. However, the overarching concept encapsulated in the term "central dogma" captures the essence of the entire process.